The mood is initially one of panic, as the survivors try to keep themselves alive and help others in the immediate aftermath of the bombing. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. The article explores ways in which the testing grounds in New Mexico are comparable with other sites of disaster because they resist proper notions of reverence. This Special Issue of Literature aims to explore cutting-edge methodologies in literary tourism research and heritage studies. 4 0 obj Prypiat, Ukraine The Seventh Man vocab Donec aliquet. The bombs dropped on Japan were in fact probably the most influential event in history on the creation of post-apocalyptic stories. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. with the wonder of seeing towns and a whole cityalmost 50,000. people lived in Pripyatthat had been abandoned in a rush, left to. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Donec aliquet. Nuclear Tourism as an Emerging Area of Learning about Nuclear Energy, Revisiting Educational Potential of the Industrial Heritage Tourism: Ruhr Area in Germany and Ignalina Power Plant Region in Lithuania (Ilona Tandzegolskien), Theory Part 1: Spatial and Social Changes of Industrial Heritage and (Post)-Industrial Landscape, Changes in the Conception of Heritage in the Industrialisation Period, The Use of Scar Metaphor in Defining the Relevance of Heritage, The Trends of Urban Change Dependent on Industrial Heritage Objects or Post-Industrial Landscape, Theory Part 2: The Possibility of Transformative-Experiential Learning Developed within Educational Tourism When Interacting with the Objects of Industrialisation Process, Methodology Part 3: Presentation of the Research Method of Case Study, Part 4. Sorry, I'm not sure what you are asking here. The 50th anniversary of the first nuclear test drew thousands of these nuclear tourists to New Mexico where contesting narratives of commemoration mingled and clashed. In the chapter What We Find Outdoors: Discovering Nuclear Tourism Through Educational Pathways, Lina Kaminskien analyses the concept of outdoor education, deliberating the possibilities of using educational resources outside the school. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. The second half of the novel jumps forward 5,000 years to discuss the experiences of the descendants of those few survivors. The purpose of using scientific and technical terms in your writing is. While post-apocalyptic stories can be dark, they are not always aimed at adult audiences. The Road is a post-apocalyptic novel by Cormac McCarthy that was originally published in 2006 and was adapted into a film in 2009. No special Reread paragraphs 7-10 of the text. Sensory Descriptions Everyone is exposed to radiation, especially while flying. literature and intangible cultural heritage; tourists experience, storytelling, and new media. 1091 a minute ago. interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. 85). the following activities. What are literary techniques in a travel journalism? Explore the greatest works of post-apocalyptic literature in this engaging lesson. Plays the role of a physician, helping many victims of the bomb. The United States drops an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima, Japan in an attempt to force the nation's surrender, and the citizens of Hiroshima must work to survive in the aftermath, helping both their neighbors and themselves. It is difficult to say for certain, but a likely candidate for the first ever published post-apocalyptic book is The Last Man by Mary Shelley. Presentation of the Research: The Case of the Ruhr Area Transformation in Germany, Presentation of Landschaftspark DuisburgNord in Duisburg, Presentation of Zollern Colliery in Dortmund, Presentation of the World Heritage Site Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex in Essen, Presentation of German Mining Museum in Bochum, The Industrial Heritage in the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant Region and Visaginas City, The Pedagogy of Dissonant Heritage: Soviet Industry in Museums and Textbooks (Linara Dovydaityt), A (Double) Dissonance in Industrial Heritage. The authors of this book emphasize the importance of combining the critical thinking approach with empathy to local communities and formal workers of the industry. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly Christian apocalypse literature (and the apocalypse literature of other religions like Judaism and Islam) is a kind of religious text considered separate from post-apocalyptic fiction. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. 0. . English. endobj Through three different narratives, the novel follows the experiences of monks living in a small monastery in the desert over the course of a thousand years as civilization gradually rebuilds after the disaster. Kz5HYIlK]nKjh%jmTQS#qq5qW?Ls *7 There are three elements that are usually incorporated into travel journalism to effectively capture the readers interest and give a vivid impression of a specific location or journey. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. 0% average accuracy. All go to imagine the realor at least their insufficient version of it. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. <>/XObject<>>>/Group <>>> Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. disaster,the idea seems absurd. q'q^ } ".av r}dC$5]Ey$iufZ7e 3~eLiWOsOL4K + Some such pilgrims are history enthusiasts, some are impelled by diffusely patriotic impulses, and others go to protest nuclear weapons. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Keep me logged in (not suitable for shared devices). This book illuminates the educational potential of nuclear tourism and learning about nuclear power in informal and non-formal learning settings. On the one hand, the popularity of nuclear tourism is related to the development of energy tourism, which has long been a niche and expert-based tourism, attracting engineers, scientists, high school students studying nuclear physics, chemistry, engineering, and recently has been undergoing a transformation by opening up to new groups of tourists students of all ages and citizens of different groups. Such places as the Chernobyl Museum has become a valuable spot to learn it introduces the visitor to a structural approach to disaster, tells a story of how organizations and communities mobilized response efforts to disasters. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. What could have prevented the apocalypse? Quotes and Analysis Summary And Analysis Chapter 1: A Noiseless Flash Chapter 2: The Fire Chapter 3: Details Are Being Investigated Chapter 4: Panic Grass and Feverfew Chapter 5: The Aftermath Symbols, Allegory and Motifs Metaphors and Similes Irony Imagery A Timeline of Global Nuclear Weapons Development Literary Elements Related Links Many works feature people who believe that they are the only survivors meeting other unlikely groups of people. Nuclear weapons have inspired many post-apocalyptic books. How to identify literary devices when you're reading You don't necessarily need to understand literary devices to enjoy a good book. Post-apocalyptic literature is a literary genre that deals with how people respond to a worldwide disaster that results in the deaths of many people and the destruction of society. This kind of major disaster is the most common apocalypse definition used in post-apocalyptic books, though the specific nature of the disaster can take many forms. These practices of interpretation of the past and present become a means of constructing a new post-industrial identity of the community. Use details from the text to write two or three sentences describing Mr.Tanimoto. INPP and nuclear industry in Lithuania are considered in the public political discourse as a Soviet nuclear 13 | 14project, and in this sense, the past of the nuclear industry does not fall into the category of valuable heritage. Where the place, grounding the reader in geography. Played 0 times. The book reveals peculiarities of learning and experience at nuclear power plants and disaster tourism destinations such as the Chernobyl Museum and the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. Visitors to nuclear power plants participate in the educational process by gaining knowledge in various fields about the operation of nuclear power plants, participating in STEM education, and improving energy literacy. As is true in many war stories, nations themselves are personified. Furthermore, energy companies conduct corporate branding and public relations through tourism, seek to shape positive attitudes of energy consumers and citizens towards energy sources and energy companies. 14 chapters | Dr. Jamie S ScottGuest Editors. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the And that is what drew me, along. Nuclear tourism. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. The first half of the book chronicles a mission to send as many people into space as possible and describes what happens to them there. On the contrary, atomic heritage related to nuclear disasters (The Chernobyl Museum, Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, etc.) All go to "imagine the real"or at least their . The novel was adapted into a film in 2008. As it is a piece of reporting, Hiroshima is narrated from a third-person point of view. Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Many well-known works of fiction from the past hundred years are post-apocalyptic novels with their own unique approaches to the questions that this genre tends to ask. describes what it is like to visit a particular place. These observations are, based on personal opinion, but they also offer an impression of the place. flashcard set. It is important to understand the difference between apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction. Miller's book explicitly connects the monks' experiences and approach to life after the apocalypse to Christian ideas of the apocalypse and the Second Coming. 1996-2023 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. These sites raise questions about the real costs of nuclear energy how much it costs in terms of human health and life, evaluating its impact on the environment and future generations. Registered in England & Wales No. The authors of this book discuss the educational potential of nuclear tourism and learning about nuclear power in informal and non-formal learning settings. This monograph is an outcome of a research project EDUATOM devoted to the elaboration of the virtual nuclear tourism route in Ignalina Power Plant region in Lithuania1. Visaginas: From the Planned Soviet Past to the No-Where Future? Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. Hiroshima essays are academic essays for citation. Not affiliated with Harvard College. Post-apocalyptic books describe the world after a catastrophic global event. These are just a few questions indicating that literary tourism is an emerging field for transdisciplinary inquiries that combine methods of literary studies, heritage studies, and memory studies with research on tourism geography and destination marketing. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. The artistic installations at the Chernobyl Museum evoke deep philosophical and religious thoughts, contemplations, and feelings. Edutainment in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone Tourism reveals how entertainment is created by appealing to the nuclear tourism imaginary stimulated by the global popular culture (i.e. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Some passages of this article first appeared in the Livermore Independent, 22 September, 1999. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. On the one hand, excursions and activities of the Visitor Centres are aimed at developing STEM, energy literacy and environmental skills; on the other hand, loyalty of energy companies consumers has been formed. LA.RL.9-10.10a By the end of grade 9, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems at grade level text-complexity or above with scaffolding as needed. It constructs prerequisites to establish stronger ties between non-formal learning in museums and tourist destinations and formal learning by using the intertextuality approach by combining resources in outdoor education with school curriculum texts and using fiction, documentary and feature films. Literary Techniques dialogue, similes, metaphors, imagery objective (factual) or subjective (personal): April 26, 1986 objective objective (factual) or subjective (personal): the Chernobyl incident is the worst nuclear power plant disaster in history objective Apocalyptic literature is a term most often associated with religious texts about the end of the world. Hiroshima, Japan in 1945, at the end of World War II. View Nuclear Tourist from AA 1Feature Examples From The Nuclear Tourist Factual Info Chernobyl was once a peaceful town full of workers and factories after the Second World War. Industrialization falls into the category of dissonant heritage, inconvenient, and unwanted past. It follows six subjects: Mr. Tanimoto, Father Kleinsorge, Miss Sasaki, Dr. Sasaki, Dr. Fuji, and Mrs. Nakamura, flipping between their stories and spending equal time on all of them. However, true post-apocalyptic fiction usually takes place either sooner after the apocalypse or in a world where no formal society exists yet. Abstract. In literary nonfiction, authors use traditional, fiction-writing techniques to bring true stories and real locations to life for, is a type of literary nonfiction in which the writer. This information can, include the places location, how to get there, and key historical events. <>>>/Group <>>> Explore over 16 million step-by-step answers from our library, acinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. All Rights Reserved. Effective travel journalism captures the reader's interest and gives the reader a vivid impression of a specific location or journey. Some such pilgrims are history enthusiasts, some are impelled by diffusely patriotic impulses, and others go to protest nuclear weapons. Inevitably it was first used in warfare, but after Hiroshima and, Nagasaki a grand effort began to provide electricity "too cheap to. Particularly in religious literature, descriptions of the apocalypse (with little emphasis on what might come after) have been prevalent for a very long time. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Sites of nuclear energy research, development and testing of nuclear weapons, atomic energy reactors or places of nuclear disasters are becoming attractive tourist destinations. Natalija Maeikien and Egl Gerulaitien, co-authors of the chapter Chernobyl Museum as an Educational Site: Transforming Dark Tourists into Responsible Citizens and Knowledgeable Learners, analyse the educational potential of the Chernobyl Museum as a cultural interpretation of nuclear disaster. Both utopian and dystopian visions of the use of the atom created at these heritage sites appeal to a broader public imaginary of nuclear and radioactive dangers and disasters (Ibid.). and disastrous use of nuclear weapons (Hiroshima Peace Memoria in Japan, the Bikini Atoll Nuclear Test Site in the Marshall Islands, Kakadu National Park in Australia) represents 12 | 13a dystopian account by representing the dark and difficult pasts (Storm et al., 2019). Please let us know what you think of our products and services. A Methodist who lives in Hiroshima. Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. 7.There is something deeply rooted in the human soul that draws. 81). Post-apocalyptic fiction might take place after a nuclear war, a deadly virus, a zombie uprising, a climate disaster, or an alien invasion. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Many people anticipate an air attack from a B-29 plane, and their musings over this foreshadow the eventual bomb that is to come. Create your account. New Approaches in Educational and Social Sciences / Neue Denkanstze in den Bildungs- und Sozialwissenschaften, Introduction. Chapter 3: Details Are Being Investigated, The Rebirth of a Few: Depicting Suffering and Endurance in 'Hiroshima'. In 2011, Chernobyl, site of the world's worst catastrophe at a nuclear power plant, was. the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, On the other hand, the rise of nuclear tourism has been related to the cultural processes of heritagization when the history of nuclear energy research and the atomic energy industry have become an issue of atomic heritage that serves for the identity building of nations and communities. exploded during the Cold War, are booked solid through 2014. Because Christianity is predicated on the Second Coming of Christ, the end of the world has always been a source of great spiritual interest. Later, he becomes a peace activist. Na]Y#o\ZfXFze#Z6 m]?z=2B[fu: $E`)J{gZ9k'$-hT&-WH3~n^$S#cnJ'iHz0mfHDcuD0f` v,^0^]UV_NpC431cJ`'I]+0: +(n)|mg0Cvz/dUY@KQ8tG.` Jy environmental issues. In the 20th century, the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II contributed a lot to the development of post-apocalyptic literature as a specific genre. Nuclear disaster tourism combines an educational impact, which embraces rich knowledge from history, geography, sociology, nuclear energy, biology, and the environmental sciences. Travel journalism is a type of literary nonfiction in which the writer describes what it is like to visit a particular place. It was originally published in 1960 and was heavily informed both by the events of the Cold War and by the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in the Second World War. 6mk|QAc,it{. Gundersen, Kathryn. How can the process of heritagization of literature be described? Analyze how a text makes connections among and distinctions between individuals, ideas, or events (e.g., through comparisons, analogies, or categories). The splitting of the, atom almost a hundred years ago promised to be the most important, human advance since the discovery of fire. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal. All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. What important aspects of his character can the reader infer from the letter he wrote? Literary tourism has recently moved from being a niche market to a commercially significant phenomenon. A Canticle for Leibowitz is set after a nuclear war has wiped out much of humanity and poisoned many survivors with high doses of radiation. a minute ago. Create an account to start this course today. Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Monthly tours to the Nevada Test Site in, the Mojave Desert, where more than a thousand nuclear weapons were. Unleashing the forces, bound inside atomic nuclei would bring the world nearly limitless, energy. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Most post-apocalyptic stories fall under the genre of science fiction, though they are distinct from other kinds of science fiction stories including dystopian fiction and religious apocalyptic stories. The co-authors of this book, Egl Gerulaitien and Natalija Maeikien, present a critical assessment of nuclear tourism in the chapter Energy Tourism at Nuclear Power Plants: Between Educational Mission and Retention of the Safety Myth, discussing the features of nuclear tourism at atomic reactors. extreme tourism, beauty of the wilderness and abandoned places, to experience the chilling results of a nuclear accident elements that caused the explosion at Chernobyl in 1986 scheduled safety test experienced a power surge and overheated the reactor travel journalism elements Q. Nuclear Tourism as an Emerging Area of Learning about Nuclear Energy (Natalija Maeikien), Introduction. Every spring visitors head for Stallion Gate in, southern New Mexico for an open house at Trinity Site, where the first, atomic bomb was detonateda preview of what was to come when, the bombers reached Japan. 5 0 obj In this sense, a narrative on the mentioned objects differs from the optimistic story told by power plants, which radiates safety and reliability. You are accessing a machine-readable page. All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a double-blind peer-review process. Nuclear Tourist. Then, discuss your findings with your group. Nuclear disaster-related museums and tourist destinations are a unique way to culturally construct a nuclear disaster, and it becomes a result of collective imagination and memory work. The Museum constructs and depicts the nuclear community, covers themes of nuclear geography, represents a critical historical approach to Soviet-regulated nuclear science and nuclear energy, which led to the disaster. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. by Yankowska and Hannam, 2014, p. 937). officially declared a tourist attraction. Donec aliquet. 280 lessons She has been teaching English in Canada and Taiwan for seven years. The co-author of this book, Linara Dovydaityt, dedicates the chapter The Pedagogy of Dissonant Heritage: Soviet Industry in Museums and Textbooks to heritagization of the nuclear industry in Lithuania and reveals features of the memory work on the nuclear past. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. 180 seconds. Literary Tourism and Cultural Heritage in the 21st Century. And that is what drew me, along with the wonder of seeing towns and a whole cityalmost 50,000 people lived in Pripyatthat had been abandoned in a rush, left to the devices of nature. Certain literary devices and narrative tropes tend to crop up in post-apocalyptic fiction. Nam lacinia pulvinar tor, ur laoreet. The detonation of the atomic bomb is a kind of climax, but this happens at the very beginning of the book. 78 ~ aA9?N[0$g\pH N,i[n >P~HoL-M(&0I3m[=qBN@;;-NTq"5GaOCLhy&mits^x5(D_y Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. We use cookies to improve your website experience. At the end of Chapter 3, when the Emperor himself broadcasts word of the surrender, Mr. Tanimoto uses the phrase "Japan started on her new way" (Chapter 3, pg. Post-apocalyptic literature has a number of characteristics that tie the genre together. Access to over 100 million course-specific study resources, 24/7 help from Expert Tutors on 140+ subjects, Full access to over 1 million Textbook Solutions. The concept of outdoor education is applied in the sites of nuclear tourism through school 16 | 17journeys, field trips, and other events and educational activities. The Narration of Soviet Industry in History Textbooks, Place and Language Transformations in a Post-Soviet Landscape: A Case Study of the Atomic City Visaginas (Ineta Dabainskien). Tough moral choices and a loss of hope are also common tropes. The world that Collins created is certainly dystopian as it has an annual televised competition where children kill each other, and that society is the result of a major war in North America. Her areas of interest include critical theory, educational innovations, innovative teaching and learning strategies, curriculum development. endobj Joshua holds a master's degree in Latin and has taught a variety of Classical literature and language courses. Creating a Safety Myth at the Visitor Centres of Nuclear Power Plants, Nuclear Power Plants as Objects of Cultural and Historical Heritage, Torness Nuclear Power Station as an Educational Site and Energy Tourism Attraction, Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant: Exploring Education and Tourist Facilities at the Enterprise Under Decommissioning, Visit to Ignalina NPP Closed Territory Security Theatre and the Masquerade, Exploring Narratives of INPP at Information Centre, Chernobyl Museum as an Educational Site: Transforming Dark Tourists Into Responsible Citizens and Knowledgeable Learners (Natalija MaeikienandEgl Gerulaitien), The Cultural Construction of Disaster in Tourism Destinations, Chernobyl Museum as a Disaster and Dark Tourism Destination, Construction of the Nuclear Nation and Nuclear Belonging at the Chernobyl Museum, Epic Heroic Narrative in Commemorating Heroes Clean-up Workers (Liquidators), Comparing Heroic Narratives of the Chernobyl Museum with Non-heroic Representations in Other Texts: An Intertextual Reading, Structural Approach to the Chernobyl Disaster: Learning How the Soviet System Worked, Learning about Radiation in the Contaminated Nuclear Landscape, Existential Conceptualisation of Time at the Chernobyl Museum: Multiple Temporalities in the Interplay Between Chronos and Kairos, Kairos in the Symbolic, Philosophical and Religious Narrative on the Disaster, Fun in the Power Plant. This book illuminates the educational potential of nuclear tourism and learning about nuclear power in informal and non-formal learning settings. Scholars use the metaphor of wound and scar to express this negative element in the nature of industrial heritage (Storm, 2014). It is about a young girl living in a military institution in the wake of a highly destructive zombie apocalypse. Coming around the time of the Fukushima. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. a:yND20F%}zmcP/_^"j*%xrBW3tL =DbRcLbZ z_EtfD:#z+[Ws ]ETtDQ~Y]7d21seWzLs}ljT=(D&2PMVb,]Y}Sq ln[w[3{*e"XTEa_M-KkwESaLO+$VEq~6vvm`DZ*E*XZ{h8H Donec aliquet. video game S.T.A.L.K.E.R., HBO series Chernobyl). Eventually, the book takes on a tone of resolve as the survivors harden themselves to their new lifestyle. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. I'm not sure what you are asking here. Ungraded. With these literary techniques, writers. officially declared a tourist attraction. These are big questions that can make people seriously consider their place in society and what they might do if a worldwide disaster were to strike. 8.More than half a century later the swirling symbol of the atom, once, the emblem of progress and the triumph of technology, has become a, bewitching death's-head, associated in people's minds with destruction, and Cold War fear. answer choices environmental issues military issues story-like sequence of events, figurative language, and dialogue Report an issue Quizzes you may like 10 Qs Literary Nonfiction 1.3k plays 14 Qs Personal and Possessive Pronouns 753 plays 12 Qs Matthew Henson: On Top of the World 495 plays 10 Qs Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. You seem to have javascript disabled. Donec aliquet. Lead snappy opening to attract reader interest. Effective travel journalism captures the readers interest and gives the reader. <>stream Question 20. In what ways does fictional literature help to interpret (dissonant) heritage? Whereas expositions of nuclear power plants reflect an optimistic narrative presenting the nuclear energy as a future technology, antinuclear critical discourse on the unsafety of atomic industry and nuclear accidents (50 Miles, Chernobyl, Fukushima) is represented by museums, art projects, and tourist facilities which are not connected to the atomic industry. Nevertheless, the entanglement of fictional literature with the popular imagination of heritage has yet to be fully explored. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. How is the commodification of literature managed in tourism marketing and destination branding? Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. A famous example of a post-apocalyptic work is The Girl with All the Gifts by M. R. Carey, which was adapted into a film in 2018. beyond what readers may get from straightforward facts. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. In the post-Soviet politics of memory (including public pedagogy and educational discourse), the Soviet industry is treated as a difficult legacy since it is associated not only with modernization but also related with Soviet occupation, environmental issues, and negative impact on the social and cultural identity of citizens. Heritagization of the atomic past and development of tourism at nuclear power plants is incorporated into the broader process of creating value of industrial heritage, when the memory of the industrial past in post-industrial society begins to be nurtured and industrial landscapes, buildings, and artifacts start to be treated as valuable cultural objects that must be preserved. Wells also takes place primarily in the distant future when human civilization has steadily declined, not necessarily because of a single apocalyptic event, but because of the slow ravages of time. This relationship between Christianity and the apocalypse can be seen in some contemporary works of post-apocalyptic fiction.