Harriet Tubman was born into slavery, escaped it herself, and helped others escape it. In New York City, the December 1999 report of the New York City Police Departments pedestrian "stop and frisk" practices by the state attorney general provided glaring evidence of racial profiling in the nation's largest city. Racial Profiling: Individual Prejudice or Organizational Protocol. There is more than one objective for writing a racial profiling essay. They sued, and were awarded a $1.2 million judgement; the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear Dillard's appeal. The police department can argue that its high number of traffic stops or stop-and-frisk incidents is related to the level of crime rather than race. You are not only responsible for what you say, but also for what you do not sayMartin Luther There are a lot of other good quotations that can serve as a good beginning for your essay on responsibility and provide good ideas for writing. However, even the easiest tasks require some experience and practice. During the arrest, former police officer, now convicted murderer Derek Chauvin kept his knee on Floyd's neck while Floyd was handcuffed and lying on his face. An essay about Harriet Tubman is to focus on the biography and accomplishments of a famous American abolitionist and political activist of the 19th century. Proving racial profiling typically requires the use of statistics. The study found that only 17% of the interstate driving population in Maryland were Black, but 72% of those stopped were Black. However, if the statistics show a high hit rate, the courts may consider the searches legal, regardless of whether race was a factor. Although the 9/11 attacks presented lawmakers and enforcers with the problem of ensuring the security of Americans, the practice of racial profiling and racially motivated attacks within the United States quickly emerged and provided a [], Both of these definitions, of course, were meant to expose the policy of racial profiling as being inheritably wicked and above all scientifically unsubstantiated, as definitions very sounding implies that there is no link [], The government, as well as society, used to believe that the use of drugs is a culturally-based phenomenon that served as an excuse to target representatives of color minorities and was considered as the effective []. After calling from a pay phone and being assured the store was in fact open, a third try failed as well (New York City) . Racial profiling also refers to instances when law officers refuse to act to prevent crimes solely based on race, such as when police fail to respond to reports of violence against Black families in a white neighborhood or prevent the, Racial profiling is a fact of life. Racial profiling affects a wide array of communities of color. Its incredibly offensive and unfair behavior that causes most of the protests in support of people of color. Furthermore, researchers are exploring whether bias, if it exists, is a department-wide culture or isolated in certain units or a select few problem officers. It is already 8:50, and your classes start at 9. Racial Profiling and Traffic Stops. The paper also reported that U.S. Representative David Wu (D-Oregon) was detained entering the headquarters of the Department of Energy, and repeatedly. A 2021 Pew Research Center study revealed that 16% of Hispanic adults who have darker skin reported that they had been unfairly stopped by police in the 12 months prior to March 2021, as opposed to 8% of those with lighter skin. Hello! What Is the Opposite of Racial Profiling? , minorities described feeling suspicious, distrustful, angry, antagonistic, hostile, and afraid of law enforcement officers. What Is the Difference Between Behavior Profiling and Racial Profiling? For example, you might consider pointing out how unfair and unjustified those actions are. 106 Racial Profiling Essay Topic Ideas & Examples. Current studies pointed out that discrimination is a condition that has harmful effects on the mental health of African Americans. Resolving each of these questions requires different data sources and different methodological approaches. Hispanics comprise 23.7 percent of the City's population yet, 33.0 percent of all "stops" were of Hispanics. When the police engage in racial profiling mistrust between the public and the police arises. Words: 1276 Pages: 4 6584. We rely on the police to protect us from harm and promote fairness and justice in our communities. Looking for a racial profiling essay topic? A throwback to the grainy 60's black and white television news footage of vicious police dogs attacking peaceful black civil rights protesters is the continued discriminatory use of canine units by police. Law enforcement engage in ethnic profiling when they base their actions on ethnicity, race, religion, or national origin instead of an individual's conduct or objective evidence. Criminal profiling. The ACLU argued that the bicyclists were stopped in this predominantly white suburb of Detroit because of their race and not because they were doing anything wrong. But racial profiling opponents cite research they say proves the practice is ineffective. revealed that 16% of Hispanic adults who have darker skin reported that they had been unfairly stopped by police in the 12 months prior to March 2021, as opposed to 8% of those with lighter skin. It has an insidious ripple effect on the rest of society - in business, health and public safety. Unlike the racism perpetrated by individuals, institutional racism, also referred to as systemic racism, has the power to negatively affect the bulk of people belonging to a racial group. In seven other precincts, blacks and Hispanics constituted the majority of the population. But it's a perfectly legitimate police tactic. Suits have also been filed in Arkansas, California, Louisiana, and Ohio claiming racial profiling by the INS. most of the time the quick judgements that people make are remarkably comprehensive and accurate, oversimplified statements of belief about members of a particular group. Be careful with sources and information. Md., 1993) featured another study. It contains plenty of useful materials for everyone. The ACLUs work on racial profiling encompasses major initiatives in litigation, public education, and advocacy, including lobbying for passage of data collection and anti-profiling legislation and litigating on behalf of individuals who have been victims of racial profiling by airlines, police, and government agencies. Racial profiling does not refer to the act of a law enforcement agent pursuing a suspect in which the specific description of the suspect includes race or ethnicity in combination with other identifying factors. bedrock. (2021, July 31). For example, a police department might use race to determine who to stop for minor traffic offenses or jaywalking. Racial Profiling Within the Criminal Justice System. However, of these 36 majority-white precincts, only 13 were in the top half of precincts showing most "stops" during the period. The first is benchmarking, which compares the percentage of police stops of those of a specific race with the percentage of that race within the geographic area. One study used data on the location of traffic accidents and the race of the not-at-fault driver to get a better handle on the racial makeup of drivers in each community. The causes of such mistrust may be due to poor communication between law enforcement individuals and community members due to []. First of all, it can be as simple as expressing your feelings about it. Pauline Hampton and her niece, both African-Americans, were shopping at the Dillard Department Store in Overland Park, Kansas , a suburb of Kansas City, with their children. Stop-and-frisk. After making several purchases, they went to the cosmetics counter to redeem a coupon. Young men of color are particularly at risk for this practice. A racial profiling essay can be inspiring and persuasive. which of these statements regarding the slavery system and the position of african americans in the US is true? Therefore, its crucial that we highlight this issue in as many ways as possible. Instead of just presenting your point of view, you need to gather the most convincing facts that can influence your audience. January 29, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/racial-profiling-essay-examples/. The parties negotiated a settlement that included establishing a civilian complaint review board. Blacks comprise 62.7 percent of all persons "stopped" by the NYPD's Street Crime Unit ("SCU"). About 31% of African-American women say police have unfairly stopped them. Racial profiling has existed as long as police departments and people of color have co-existed in the United States. We also understand the laws surrounding racial profiling. In one study, many people described feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. Examples of racial profiling in a sentence, how to use it. You may play the devil advocates role and support it in the paper on racial profiling. The study found that only 17% of the interstate driving population in Maryland were Black, but 72% of those stopped were Black. Quiz - June 2020, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. If the target was unarmed, participants mistakenly shot the target more often when African American than when White; shooting bias was greater among participants who held a strong cultural stereotype of African Americans as aggressive, violent and dangerous, and among participants who reported more contact with African Americans. In Savannah, Ga., trained observers accompanied police officers on 132 tours and focused on officers' decision-making and discretion prior to a traffic stop. Criminal profiling, generally, as practiced by police, is the reliance on a group of characteristics they believe to be associated with crime. Compare the ways South Africa and the US are, Childhood under the racist laws of apartheid in, Describe how race relations are represented in, Analyze the difference between individual and, Catastrophic consequences of discrimination and racial prejudice, What can be done to resolve the problem of. The police officer who shot Thomas, John Roach, faced charges of negligent homicide and obstructing official business, but the judge acquitted him in a bench trial. Another famous case subjected stop-and-frisk police practices to scrutiny. Racial Profiling: Discrimination the People of Color. This article was developed by the editorial team of Custom-Writing.org, a professional writing service with 3-hour delivery. [note5] Lange, James E., Kenneth O. Blackman, and Mark B. Johnson, Speed Violation Survey of the New Jersey Turnpike: Final Report, submitted to the Office of the Attorney General of New Jersey, 2001. How Does Racial Profiling Violate Civil Rights? [note 8] Grogger, Jeffrey, and Greg Ridgeway, Testing for Racial Profiling in Traffic Stops from Behind a Veil of Darkness, Journal of the American Statistical Association 101 (2006): 878887; Worden, Robert E., Sarah J. McLean, and Andrew P. Wheeler, Testing for Racial Profiling With the Veil-of-Darkness Method, Police Quarterly 15 (March 2012): 92111. We will create an Her reporting focuses education, race, and public policy. 1. Racial profiling is at play when immigration enforcement officials target Asian, Middle Eastern, or Muslim immigrants for detention without any evidence that these individuals have committed crimes. Of the total, ten alleged repeated bites of suspects once under police control, or while cuffed or on the ground. Definition and Examples, How to Tell If You've Been Unintentionally Racist, Audience Analysis in Speech and Composition, Black and Latino New Yorkers Subjected to Stop-and-Frisk, M.A., English and Comparative Literary Studies, Occidental College, B.A., English, Comparative Literature, and American Studies, Occidental College. Racial profiling is the practice of targeting individuals for police or security detention based on their race or ethnicity in the belief that certain minority groups are more likely to engage in unlawful behavior. Conversations about racial profiling have frequently centered on police targeting drivers of color during traffic stops. As concerns about unauthorized immigration reach a fever pitch in the United States, more Latinos find themselves subjected to racial profiling. Evidence produced in one case showed that although 16 percent of its shoppers were African American, 87 percent of the false arrest claims were made by them. a. The paper is claimed to overview the policy of racial profiling in a particular city, and provide the research, based on the sociological conflict theory, including the information gathered by the means of survey and [], Another argument advanced against racial profiling is that it is an inefficient method of ensuring that members of the public are safe.this is because when law enforcement is conducted based on general characteristics such as [], This thesis is exemplified by such statements as, But there are times when it makes sense to include race or national origin in a larger, criminal profile, particularly if you are dealing with a crime []. Whichever type of racial profiling essay you choose to work on, the basic writing strategy remains the same. From a proponent perspective and as a strong supporter of racial profiling, I am of []. [note 7] McConnell, E. H., and A. R. Scheidegger, Race and Speeding Citations: Comparing Speeding Citations Issued by Air Traffic Officers With Those Issued by Ground Traffic Officers, paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, Washington, D.C., April 2001, 48. Find a short and sweet topic collection below. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. In 1999 the Post reported that thirteen police dog excessive force suits had been filed in Prince Georges circuit and federal courts, in addition to five others that ended in judgement for plaintiffs or settlement. "Racial Profiling and Why it Hurts Minorities." For example, since the dawn of the war on drugs in the 1980s, law enforcement agents have disproportionately targeted Black and Latino drivers for narcotics. But racial profiling opponents cite research they say proves the practice is ineffective. Under the solely definition, an officer who targeted Latino drivers who were speeding would not be racial profiling because the drivers were not stopped solely because of their race but also because they were speeding. Another difficulty in proving racial profiling lies in local police departments patrolling high-crime areas, which often have a high percentage of minorities. These policies have unjustly expanded the purview of and undermined basic trust in local law enforcement, alienated immigrant communities, and created an atmosphere of fear. The goals of the Black Lives Matter movement. This occurred even where the INS acknowledged that half the workers were not Latino but Asian, including undocumented immigrants. By contrast, whites are 43.4 percent of the City's population, but accounted for only 12.9 percent of all stops. So, if you are not experienced enough in writing exemplification essays, you will face certain challenges. Researchers have suggested creating benchmarks for individual officers to identify those detaining disproportionately more minority drivers than their peers. 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Undocumented workers were discovered and arrested in all but a few of the reviewed raids, but nearly everyone arrested was Latino. Thus, use only credible online and printed sources when writing your papers on racial profiling. This supports the idea that authorities should focus on suspicious individuals rather than on specific racial groups to lower crime. In one study, many people described feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. "Racial Profiling and Why it Hurts Minorities." All the power is in your hands, so lets figure out how to use it! Youth of color have been victims of racially-motivated bicycling stops, " In April, 2001, the ACLU joined a suit against Eastpointe, Michigan , representing 21 young African-American men who were stopped by the police while riding their bikes there. More than 240 years of slavery and 90 years of legalized racial segregation have led to systemic profiling of blacks in traffic and pedestrian stops. [note 2] See, for example, the discussion of benchmarks in Ridgeway, Greg, and John MacDonald, Methods for Assessing Racially Biased Policing, in Race, Ethnicity, and Policing: New and Essential Readings, ed. IvyPanda. Does the Maricopa County Sheriffs Office Engage in Racial Profiling? It's incredibly offensive and unfair behavior that causes most of the protests in support of people of color. Interest is payable annually on December 31. So, what is shopping while Black? It refers to the practice of salespeople in stores treating customers of color as if theyre shoplifters. We are sure this unusual approach will impress your teacher! We will write a custom essay specifically for you! The targeting of shoppers/business patrons of color for suspicion of shoplifting by private security and other employees has disproportionately affected both working and prominent African-American women. As a result of this instant impression, relations between the natives and the Europeans were never given a chance to truly flourish, eventually leading to the near genocide of the native race. Hence, some researchers argue that what happens during the stop is as important as the reason for it. The disparity attracted the notice of the California Advisory Committee of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights as well as the ACLU. Like all law enforcement, INS agents must have sufficient evidence of wrong doing to establish probable cause or reasonable suspicion to arrest or detain. language, national background, or religion) is referred to as an _____ group, how the groups have been treated and labeled historically, What is the most important factor for determining the racial categories within any society, the beliefs and interests of the most powerful groups in society. Blacks comprise 25.6 percent of the City's population, yet 50.6 percent of all persons "stopped" during the period were black. This exists where the facts and circumstances known to the officer, based on reasonable and trustworthy information . Two people hit by the pellets filed lawsuits. ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. For example, a study on the Driver's License Privilege to All Minnesota Residents from 2008 to 2010 found that the percentage of Latinos arrested was disproportionally high (Feist 2013). We hope that they will inspire you to write an A+ paper on racism and discrimination. National Institute of Justice, "Racial Profiling and Traffic Stops," January 9, 2013, nij.ojp.gov: Research for the Real World: NIJ Seminar Series, The North Carolina Highway Traffic Study (pdf, 407 pages), Methods for Assessing Racially Biased Policing,, Seat Belt Use in 2008 Race and Ethnicity Results Among Occupants Traveling With Children, Police Officers' Decision Making and Discretion: Forming Suspicion and Making a Stop (pdf, 151 pages), Police-Community Relations in Cincinnati: Year Three Evaluation Report. IvyPanda. This is everyday racial profiling - and it doesn't just hurt the victims. For example, during the eras of lynching in the South in the 19th and early 20th centuries and the civil rights movement in the 1950's and 1960's, southern sheriffs sat idly by while racists like the Ku Klux Klan terrorized African Americans. Here are three common examples of racial profiling. Thanks! The truth is, according to professor Kelley, that the racial homicide and violence committed in these areas is caused by the police and not the black community living in the areas. language, national background, or religion) is referred to as an _____ group, Racial groups are defines by, What is the most important factor for determining the racial categories within any society and more. [note 3] Pickreall, Timothy M. and Tony Jianqiang Ye,Seat Belt Use in 2008 Race and Ethnicity Results Among Occupants Traveling With Children, Traffic Safety Facts: Research Note, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration, National Center for Statistics and Analysis, April 2009. George Floyd was a 46-year-old Black man who died on May 25th, 2020 in Minneapolis, Minnesota after being arrested for using a counterfeit $20 bill. Maryland (Prince Georges County) - The Washington Post reported that in May 2001 federal prosecutors charged a county police officer with releasing her police dog on an unarmed Mexican immigrant as part of a pattern of using and threatening the use of the dog on people of color. Suspicious behavior, a traffic offense, looking nervous or similar behavior accounted for 66 percent of the officers' reactions; 18 percent were the result of information they had received to be on the lookout for a suspect; 10 percent because someone was where he or she would not be expected to be; and 6 percent because of the person's appearance. Individuals who have immigrated to the United States from dictatorships or authoritarian governments also find racial profiling to be particularly difficult because they have flashbacks to experiences in their previous environment. The greatest weakness of this prejudicial consideration is the fact that even when there is no evidence to justify the case, the police treat an individual as a convict. [note 4] Alpert, Geoffrey P., Michael R. Smith, and Roger G. Dunham, Toward a Better Benchmark: Assessing the Utility of Not-at-Fault Traffic Crash Data in Racial Profiling Research, paper presented at Confronting Racial Profiling in the 21st Century: Implications for Racial Justice, Boston, 2003. The controversial practice can occur on the streets, in stores and at airports. Gammage's family settled a wrongful death civil rights lawsuit against the five officers involved and their police departments for $1.5 million. For example, a police department might use race to determine who to stop for minor traffic offenses or jaywalking. Terrorist attacs in 9/11, hate crimes, and racial profiling, Racial profiling of minority groups in the US. In New York, Judge Shira A. Scheindlin also held that New York Citys stop-and-frisk policy was a violation of the equal rights clause of the 14th Amendment. Racial identity and racial socialization are proposed to promote the improvement of African American adolescents in the aspect of race-related difficulties. Let us remind you of some basic rules you should stick to while writing: Before you get down to writing your essay on racial profiling, try to answer the following questions: Just $13.00 $10.40/page, and you can get an custom-written academic paper according to your instructions. In addition to these cases, immigrant rights groups have also raised concerns about U.S. Border Patrol agents using excessive and deadly force on undocumented immigrants with impunity. In Orange County California, a database containing the names and photographs of reputed gang members appeared to racially profile.3 Latinos, Asians and African Americans were more than 90 percent of the 20,221 men and women in the Gang Reporting Evaluation and Tracking system, but made up less than half of Orange County's population. A similar case also occurred in Maryland with the same result. A white security guard accused Hampton of shoplifting, took her shopping bag, and, without consent, searched it, emptying the bag onto the counter. Some of the states in America [], The extent of racial profiling has been studied in some states, for example, in the Arizona Sentinel Investigation of all the vehicles which were stopped in the interstate highway in Florida, While nearly 705 of [].
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